Fishing Craft & Gears
- An extensive classification and analysis of fishing gear and practices in the upper and middle stretches of the Ganga River, examining both traditional and modern methods and their sustainability impacts was recorded. The survey documented 82 distinct types of fishing gears, grouped into 12 main categories such as gill nets, fishing traps, line fishing, and drags nets.
- The 82 identified types of fishing gears are grouped into 12 primary categories based on their mode of operation, such as gill nets, line fishing, fishing traps, drag nets, and stupefying devices. Gill nets, the most diverse category with 26 variations, are commonly used across different stretches due to their efficiency in capturing a wide range of fish species.
- Fishing traps, with 18 variations, are often used in shallow or nearshore areas and employ various shapes and materials to effectively target specific fish sizes and species. Line fishing, frequently used in fast-flowing waters, includes different types of hooks and baits to attract carnivorous fish species. Additionally, less conventional methods such as grappling, wounding gear, and lift nets are utilized based on the environmental conditions and the availability of specific fish species.
- This classification also underscores the shift from traditional materials like bamboo and natural fibers to synthetic materials, reflecting a broader trend towards durability but with added ecological risks. The diverse range of gear reflects both the adaptability of the fishing communities and the need for targeted management approaches to prevent overfishing and ensure sustainable use of these resources.
- The study highlights the growing use of synthetic fibers in nets, which, while durable, pose risks due to their non-biodegradability, contributing to “ghost fishing” and plastic pollution.
- Destructive fishing methods like dynamite fishing, electric fishing, and chemical poisoning were also observed. These techniques yield high-volume catches in a short time but cause indiscriminate harm to fish populations, affecting juveniles and non-target species and damaging aquatic ecosystems.
